Has someone used arduino with GSM shield to transmit and receive telemetry over mobile phone net?
Not as far as I know, you might be the first to come up with this idea here ! and it does sound interesting !
There is forum user Pawel who had an idea of registering his glider on online service tracking all gliders in the area, but that's not using GSM trans-receiver, but just simpler 900Mhz radio.
An interesting thing would be using GSM instead of GPS to increase the accuracy of position estimates. I recall I saw some papers about this.
For example google finds book
GSM-based Positioning: Techniques and Applications By Nico Deblauwe though I don't know how it compares to GPS, each has pros and cons.
GPS accuracy suffers when close to buildings (multipath reflections), GSM can't be used far from (maybe multiple) towers.